【Linux编程】如何使用gcc编译源代码时输出map文件？-gcc编译器常用命令

​

熟悉Linux环境编程的童鞋，对gcc一定不是很陌生，它可以高效地将C/C++代码编译成可执行文件。在嵌入式开发领域，gcc更是无比的强大，采用不同编译平台的gcc编译器，对应地就可以生成该平台的bin文件。由于gcc功能强大，在编译Linux内核时，gcc会是编译器的首选。

熟悉编译原理的童鞋对map文件一定很熟悉，但若是平时对底层编译不是很清晰，或者主要开发工作集中在应用层的童鞋，可能对其了解就神乎其微了。这个时候，你就需要好好阅读本文，了解下map文件了。本文要给大家分享生成map文件的方法，后续笔者会再写相关的文章介绍map文件的具体内容。

假设我们有以下的测试源码，功能很简单：

复制#include static int test_function(int arg) { printf(“This is a function called: %s\n”, __func__); return arg; } int main(int argc, const char **argv) { test_function(0); return 0; }

通常我们要得到可执行文件，我们会输入编译命令：

复制gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c

得到输出结果，测试如下：

运行结果完全符合我们的期望，编译命令完成后，在当前目录下，生成了gcc_create_map_file这个可执行文件。

但是，如果我们要编译输出可执行文件的同时，也得到可执行文件对应的map文件呢？我们可以这样输入编译命令：

复制gcc -o gcc_create_map_file gcc_create_map_file.c -Wl,-Map=gcc.map

测试输出，完全没有问题：

​编辑

我们对比2个编译命令可以发现，其实就是在原编译命令的后面加上了 “-Wl,-Map=gcc.map”；其中-Wl，是告诉gcc编译器，这个是ld的选项参数；而-Map=xxx.map就是指定map文件输出的文件名称，这个名称xxx可以随意定义，map文件的路径可以是相对路径，也可以是绝对路径。以下就是map文件的详细内容，后续会有文章对它进行详细分析，现在大家先有个感官认识。

复制Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol) /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o (__libc_csu_init) Discarded input sections .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .note.GNU-stack 0x0000000000000000 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o Memory Configuration Name Origin Length Attributes *default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff Linker script and memory map LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o LOAD /tmp/cc6AliJG.o LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so START GROUP LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 LOAD /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a LOAD /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 END GROUP LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc.a LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_s.so LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o LOAD /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o [!provide] PROVIDE (__executable_start, 0x400000) 0x0000000000400238 . = (0x400000 + SIZEOF_HEADERS) .interp 0x0000000000400238 0x1c *(.interp) .interp 0x0000000000400238 0x1c /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .note.ABI-tag 0x0000000000400254 0x20 .note.ABI-tag 0x0000000000400254 0x20 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .note.gnu.build-id 0x0000000000400274 0x24 *(.note.gnu.build-id) .note.gnu.build-id 0x0000000000400274 0x24 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .hash *(.hash) .gnu.hash 0x0000000000400298 0x1c *(.gnu.hash) .gnu.hash 0x0000000000400298 0x1c /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .dynsym 0x00000000004002b8 0x60 *(.dynsym) .dynsym 0x00000000004002b8 0x60 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .dynstr 0x0000000000400318 0x3f *(.dynstr) .dynstr 0x0000000000400318 0x3f /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .gnu.version 0x0000000000400358 0x8 *(.gnu.version) .gnu.version 0x0000000000400358 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .gnu.version_d 0x0000000000400360 0x0 *(.gnu.version_d) .gnu.version_d 0x0000000000400360 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .gnu.version_r 0x0000000000400360 0x20 *(.gnu.version_r) .gnu.version_r 0x0000000000400360 0x20 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .rela.dyn 0x0000000000400380 0x18 *(.rela.init) *(.rela.text .rela.text.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.t.*) .rela.text 0x0000000000400380 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o *(.rela.fini) *(.rela.rodata .rela.rodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.r.*) *(.rela.data .rela.data.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.d.*) *(.rela.tdata .rela.tdata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.td.*) *(.rela.tbss .rela.tbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.rela.ctors) *(.rela.dtors) *(.rela.got) .rela.got 0x0000000000400380 0x18 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o *(.rela.bss .rela.bss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.b.*) .rela.bss 0x0000000000400398 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o *(.rela.ldata .rela.ldata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.l.*) *(.rela.lbss .rela.lbss.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lb.*) *(.rela.lrodata .rela.lrodata.* .rela.gnu.linkonce.lr.*) *(.rela.ifunc) .rela.plt 0x0000000000400398 0x30 *(.rela.plt) .rela.plt 0x0000000000400398 0x30 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o [!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_start, .) *(.rela.iplt) .rela.iplt 0x00000000004003c8 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o [!provide] PROVIDE (__rela_iplt_end, .) .init 0x00000000004003c8 0x1a *(SORT(.init)) .init 0x00000000004003c8 0x15 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o 0x00000000004003c8 _init .init 0x00000000004003dd 0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o .plt 0x00000000004003f0 0x30 *(.plt) .plt 0x00000000004003f0 0x30 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000400400 printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5 0x0000000000400410 __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5 *(.iplt) .iplt 0x0000000000400420 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .plt.got 0x0000000000400420 0x8 *(.plt.got) .plt.got 0x0000000000400420 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .plt.bnd *(.plt.bnd) .text 0x0000000000400430 0x1b2 *(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*) .text.unlikely 0x0000000000400430 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .text.unlikely 0x0000000000400430 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) *(.text.exit .text.exit.*) *(.text.startup .text.startup.*) *(.text.hot .text.hot.*) *(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*) .text 0x0000000000400430 0x2a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000400430 _start .text 0x000000000040045a 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o *fill* 0x000000000040045a 0x6 .text 0x0000000000400460 0xc6 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .text 0x0000000000400526 0x44 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o 0x000000000040054a main *fill* 0x000000000040056a 0x6 .text 0x0000000000400570 0x72 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) 0x0000000000400570 __libc_csu_init 0x00000000004005e0 __libc_csu_fini .text 0x00000000004005e2 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .text 0x00000000004005e2 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o *(.gnu.warning) .fini 0x00000000004005e4 0x9 *(SORT(.fini)) .fini 0x00000000004005e4 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o 0x00000000004005e4 _fini .fini 0x00000000004005e8 0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o [!provide] PROVIDE (__etext, .) [!provide] PROVIDE (_etext, .) [!provide] PROVIDE (etext, .) .rodata 0x00000000004005f0 0x36 *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*) .rodata.cst4 0x00000000004005f0 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x00000000004005f0 _IO_stdin_used *fill* 0x00000000004005f4 0x4 .rodata 0x00000000004005f8 0x2e /tmp/cc6AliJG.o .rodata1 *(.rodata1) .eh_frame_hdr 0x0000000000400628 0x3c *(.eh_frame_hdr) .eh_frame_hdr 0x0000000000400628 0x3c /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000400628 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR *(.eh_frame_entry .eh_frame_entry.*) .eh_frame 0x0000000000400668 0x114 *(.eh_frame) .eh_frame 0x0000000000400668 0x30 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .eh_frame 0x0000000000400698 0x40 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .eh_frame 0x00000000004006d8 0x40 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o 0x58 (size before relaxing) .eh_frame 0x0000000000400718 0x60 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) 0x78 (size before relaxing) .eh_frame 0x0000000000400778 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o *(.eh_frame.*) .gcc_except_table *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) .gnu_extab *(.gnu_extab*) .exception_ranges *(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*) 0x0000000000600e10 . = DATA_SEGMENT_ALIGN (0x200000, 0x1000) .eh_frame *(.eh_frame) *(.eh_frame.*) .gnu_extab *(.gnu_extab) .gcc_except_table *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) .exception_ranges *(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*) .tdata *(.tdata .tdata.* .gnu.linkonce.td.*) .tbss *(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon) .preinit_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x0 [!provide] PROVIDE (__preinit_array_start, .) *(.preinit_array) [!provide] PROVIDE (__preinit_array_end, .) .init_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x8 0x0000000000600e10 PROVIDE (__init_array_start, .) *(SORT(.init_array.*) SORT(.ctors.*)) *(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o) .ctors) .init_array 0x0000000000600e10 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o 0x0000000000600e18 PROVIDE (__init_array_end, .) .fini_array 0x0000000000600e18 0x8 [!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_start, .) *(SORT(.fini_array.*) SORT(.dtors.*)) *(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o *crtbegin?.o *crtbegin.o) .dtors) .fini_array 0x0000000000600e18 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o [!provide] PROVIDE (__fini_array_end, .) .ctors *crtbegin.o(.ctors) *crtbegin?.o(.ctors) *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors) *(SORT(.ctors.*)) *(.ctors) .dtors *crtbegin.o(.dtors) *crtbegin?.o(.dtors) *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors) *(SORT(.dtors.*)) *(.dtors) .jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x8 *(.jcr) .jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .jcr 0x0000000000600e20 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .data.rel.ro *(.data.rel.ro.local* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.local.*) *(.data.rel.ro .data.rel.ro.* .gnu.linkonce.d.rel.ro.*) .dynamic 0x0000000000600e28 0x1d0 *(.dynamic) .dynamic 0x0000000000600e28 0x1d0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000600e28 _DYNAMIC .got 0x0000000000600ff8 0x8 *(.got) .got 0x0000000000600ff8 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o *(.igot) 0x0000000000601fe8 . = DATA_SEGMENT_RELRO_END (., (SIZEOF (.got.plt) >= 0x18)?0x18:0x0) .got.plt 0x0000000000601000 0x28 *(.got.plt) .got.plt 0x0000000000601000 0x28 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000601000 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ *(.igot.plt) .igot.plt 0x0000000000601028 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .data 0x0000000000601028 0x10 *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*) .data 0x0000000000601028 0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o 0x0000000000601028 data_start 0x0000000000601028 __data_start .data 0x000000000060102c 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o *fill* 0x000000000060102c 0x4 .data 0x0000000000601030 0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o 0x0000000000601030 __dso_handle .data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o .data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) .data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .data 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o .tm_clone_table 0x0000000000601038 0x0 .tm_clone_table 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .tm_clone_table 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .data1 *(.data1) 0x0000000000601038 _edata = . [!provide] PROVIDE (edata, .) 0x0000000000601038 . = . 0x0000000000601038 __bss_start = . .bss 0x0000000000601038 0x8 *(.dynbss) .dynbss 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*) .bss 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o .bss 0x0000000000601038 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o .bss 0x0000000000601038 0x1 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o .bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o .bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS) .bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .bss 0x0000000000601039 0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o *(COMMON) 0x0000000000601040 . = ALIGN ((. != 0x0)?0x8:0x1) *fill* 0x0000000000601039 0x7 .lbss *(.dynlbss) *(.lbss .lbss.* .gnu.linkonce.lb.*) *(LARGE_COMMON) 0x0000000000601040 . = ALIGN (0x8) 0x0000000000601040 . = SEGMENT_START (“ldata-segment”, .) .lrodata *(.lrodata .lrodata.* .gnu.linkonce.lr.*) .ldata 0x0000000000a01040 0x0 *(.ldata .ldata.* .gnu.linkonce.l.*) 0x0000000000a01040 . = ALIGN ((. != 0x0)?0x8:0x1) 0x0000000000a01040 . = ALIGN (0x8) 0x0000000000a01040 _end = . [!provide] PROVIDE (end, .) 0x0000000000a01040 . = DATA_SEGMENT_END (.) .stab *(.stab) .stabstr *(.stabstr) .stab.excl *(.stab.excl) .stab.exclstr *(.stab.exclstr) .stab.index *(.stab.index) .stab.indexstr *(.stab.indexstr) .comment 0x0000000000000000 0x35 *(.comment) .comment 0x0000000000000000 0x35 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtbegin.o 0x36 (size before relaxing) .comment 0x0000000000000035 0x36 /tmp/cc6AliJG.o .comment 0x0000000000000035 0x36 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/crtend.o .debug *(.debug) .line *(.line) .debug_srcinfo *(.debug_srcinfo) .debug_sfnames *(.debug_sfnames) .debug_aranges *(.debug_aranges) .debug_pubnames *(.debug_pubnames) .debug_info *(.debug_info .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) .debug_abbrev *(.debug_abbrev) .debug_line *(.debug_line .debug_line.* .debug_line_end) .debug_frame *(.debug_frame) .debug_str *(.debug_str) .debug_loc *(.debug_loc) .debug_macinfo *(.debug_macinfo) .debug_weaknames *(.debug_weaknames) .debug_funcnames *(.debug_funcnames) .debug_typenames *(.debug_typenames) .debug_varnames *(.debug_varnames) .debug_pubtypes *(.debug_pubtypes) .debug_ranges *(.debug_ranges) .debug_macro *(.debug_macro) .gnu.attributes *(.gnu.attributes) /DISCARD/ *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) OUTPUT(gcc_create_map_file elf64-x86-64)

好了，本文对使用gcc生成map文件的方法就介绍到这里了，如有疑问的话，可以与博主联系哦。

​审核编辑：汤梓红